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HYDROGENATION PROPERTIES OF Mg-Al-Ti-Zr-C COMPOSITE
Král, Lubomír ; Čermák, Jiří ; Roupcová, Pavla
The improvement of hydrogen storage properties of ball-milled Mg-Al-Ti-Zr-C composite was studied in this\npaper. It has been previously shown, that the addition of Ti, Zr, Al and C improves storage properties of Mg.\nThis beneficial effect of additives upon hydrogen storage properties can be explained by catalysis by the\nnanoparticles rich in Ti, Zr or Al located on the surface of Mg grains. They provide effective pathways for the\nhydrogen diffusion into the MgH2. The morphological and microstructural characteristics were investigated by\nscanning electron microscope Tescan Lyra 3 and by X-ray diffraction. The hydrogen sorption was measured\nby Sieverts method using Setaram PCT-Pro device.\nStudied experimental composite absorbed 4.2 wt.% H 2 at 573 K and 3 wt.% H 2 at 523K within 10 min. The\nhydrogen storage capacity of the composite was about 4.6% wt.% H 2 and 4.2% wt.% H 2 at 573K and 523K,\nrespectively.
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Interference study for lead determination using hydride generation technique coupled with AAS detection
Hillmich, Ondřej ; Hraníček, Jakub (advisor) ; Musil, Stanislav (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on the interference study of different elements during lead determination using hydride generation technique. For this method tetrahydroborate was used as a reduction agent and hexacyanoferrate as an oxidant agent which dramatically increases efficiency of plumbane formation. Before interference study, significant experimental conditions were optimized. The optimizations include flow rate of carrier gas (argon), concentrations and flow rates of all reagents (HCl, NaBH4, K3[Fe(CN)6]), atomization temperature and volume of sample loop. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the calibration was constructed and basic characteristics of the method were determined - sensitivity (0.0012 l∙μg-1 ), limit of detection (3.13 μg∙l-1 ). For interference measurement another hydride-forming elements (As, Se, Sb, Sn, Bi, Te), significant transition metals (Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn), alkali metal and alkaline earth metal (Na+ , Ca2+ ) and common anions (Cl- , SO4 2- , NO3 - ) including acetate anions were selected. Acetate anionswas incorporated to the study as a representative organic molecule. Hydride-forming elements, mainly selenium, were found as most serious interferents. E.g. selenium at low concentration increases absorption signal of lead. On the other hand, selenium at high...
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Superconductivity and electronic properties of y-U alloys and their hydrides
Tkach, Ilya ; Havela, Ladislav (advisor) ; Mihálik, Marián (referee) ; Schneeweiss, Oldřich (referee)
Title: Superconductivity and electronic properties of γ-U alloys and their hydrides. Author: Ilya Tkach Department / Institute: Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University Supervisor of the doctoral thesis: Doc. RNDr. Ladislav Havela, CSc., Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Prague, The Czech Republic Abstract: Low-temperature electronic properties for U-Mo and U-Zr splats stabilized in γ-U were investigated. Magnetic measurements revealed Pauli paramagnetic behavior with temperature independent susceptibility for U-Mo alloys. U-Mo and U- Zr splats become superconducting at low temperatures with Tc up to 2.1 K and critical field 5-6 T. The superconductivity of -U can be considered as a bulk effect and can be described by the BCS theory, while -U superconductivity is not a real bulk effect. U-Mo and U-Zr alloys absorb hydrogen at high pressures (p ≥ 4.5 bar) and form hydrides with stoichiometry analogous to UH3. The hydrides with Mo have an amorphous structure based on β-UH3 phase, while hydrides with Zr have a crystalline structure of the -UH3 type. (UH3)1-xMox hydrides are ferromagnetic with enhanced TC up to 202 K and magnetic moments 1.1 μB/U in comparison with pure β-UH3 (175 K; 0.87 μB/U)....
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Construction of miniature flow-through cells for electrochemical generation of volatile compounds
Hraníček, Jakub ; Rychlovský, Petr (advisor) ; Spěváčková, Věra (referee) ; Komárek, Josef (referee)
(EN) The presented dissertation thesis summarizes the new results of electrochemical generation of volatile compounds usable in atomic spectral methods. The main aim of this work is to develop and to characterize new types of electrolytic flow-through cells and to examine their possibilities of determination of arsenic, selenium and antimony by using the electrochemical hydride generation technique coupled with atomic absorption spectrometry with a quartz tube atomizer. Individual electrolytic cells were designed and constructed to comply with two important requirements. The cathode chamber of the electrolytic cell should have a minimal volume and a high efficiency of analyte conversion to the volatile hydride. Constructed electrolytic cells are divided into the construction groups and described in the experimental part. Selenium was chosen as the first analyte. The relevant working parameters (such as type, concentration and flow rate of electrolytes, generation current and carrier gas flow rate) were optimized for each newly constructed electrolytic cell. Under the optimal working parameters, the basic characteristics of selenium determination were found out by using electrochemical hydride generation. The electrolytic cells were compared to each other and with the classical electrolytic cell...
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HYDROGENATION PROPERTIES OF BALL-MILLED Mg-Ti-C-Zr COMPOSITE
Král, Lubomír ; Čermák, Jiří ; Roupcová, Pavla
The hydrogen storage properties of ball-milled Mg-Ti-Zr-C composite (1.8 wt.% Ti, 1.9 wt.% Zr and 0.2 wt.% C) were investigated. It has been previously shown, that the addition of Ti, Zr and C improved its storage properties. This beneficial effect of additives upon hydrogen storage properties can be explained by catalysis by the particles rich in Ti or Zr located on the surface of Mg grains. They provide effective pathways for the hydrogen diffusion into the MgH2. The morphological and microstructural characteristics were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and by X-ray diffraction. The hydrogen sorption was measured by Sieverts method using Setaram PCT-Pro device. In this paper, sorption behaviour of the composite after ball-milling and after aging on the air was compared. The ball-milled composite adsorbed 3.5 wt.% H2 within 10 min at 623 K. However, hydrogen storage capacity of the composite aged on the air for 7 months remarkably decreased: The aged composite adsorbed within 10 min only 2 wt.% H2 at 623 K and the sorption capacity decreased from 4.7 wt.% H2 to 2.1 wt.% H2.
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